NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE -IDENTIFIERS =========== *CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000553 *CAS NUMBER: 71-55-6 *BASE CHEMICAL NAME: TRICHLOROETHANE,1,1,1- *PRIMARY NAME: 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE *CHEMICAL FORMULA: C2H3Cl3 *STRUCTURAL FORMULA: CH3CCl3 *WLN: GXGG1 *SYNONYMS: METHYL CHLOROFORM METHYLTRICHLOROMETHANE ALPHA-TRICHLOROETHANE CHLOROETHENE CHLOROTHENE 1,1,1-TCE AEROTHENE TT CHLOROETENE CHLOROETHENE NU CHLOROTHANE NU CHLOROTHENE (INHIBITED) CHLOROTHENE NU CHLOROTHENE VG CHLORTEN INHIBISOL METHYLCHLOROFORM NCI-C04626 RCRA WASTE NUMBER U226 SOLVENT 111 STROBANE ALPHA-T TRI-ETHANE UN 2831 -PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA ====================== *PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Clear colorless liquid REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid *MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 133.40 *SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.3376 @ 20/4 C [031,043,205] *DENSITY: 1.3376 g/mL @ 20 C [421] *MP (DEG C): -32.5 C [025,031,051] *BP (DEG C): 74.1 C [031,043,395,421] *SOLUBILITIES: WATER : <1 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD) DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD) 95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 20 C (RAD) METHANOL : Soluble [031,043,051,395] ACETONE : Reacts [051,269,451] TOLUENE : Not available OTHER SOLVENTS: Benzene: Soluble [031,043,205,395] Ether: Soluble [017,031,043,395] Chloroform: Soluble [017,047] Carbon tetrachloride: Soluble [031,043,051,395] Carbon disulfide: Soluble [051,395] Most organic solvents: Miscible [295,421] *VOLATILITY: Vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg @ 20 C [038,043,055,058]; 125 mm Hg @ 25 C [051] Vapor density : 4.6 [051,058,371] *FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT): This chemical has a flash point of >93.3 C (>200 F) (RAD). It burns only in excess oxygen or air if a strong source of ignition is present [421]. Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. The autoignition temperature is 537 C (998 F) [051, 451]. *UEL: 12.5% [451] LEL: 7.5% [451] *REACTIVITY: This chemical decomposes in the presence of chemically active metals [102,346,395]. This includes aluminum, magnesium and their alloys [036,066, 269,421]. It will react violently with dinitrogen tetraoxide, oxygen, liquid oxygen, sodium and sodium-potassium alloys [043,051,066,451]. It will also react violently with acetone, zinc and nitrates [269]. It can react with sodium hydroxide [043,051,451]. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases [058,102,269,346]. Mixtures with potassium or its alloys are shock-sensitive and may explode on light impact [036,066]. This chemical can react with an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, and with chlorine in sunlight [395]. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings [102]. Upon contact with hot metal or on exposure to ultraviolet radiation, it will decompose to form irritant gases [346]. A cobalt/molybdenum-alumina catalyst will generate a substantial exotherm on contact with its vapor at ambient temperatures [066]. Hazardous reactions also occur with (aluminum oxide + heavy metals) [043]. *STABILITY: This chemical is hygroscopic [031,051,102,275]. It is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures [051,395]. It is reactive to sun- light at high altitudes [051]. Solutions of this chemical in anhydrous DMSO or ethanol should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions (RAD). *OTHER PHYSICAL DATA: Specific gravity: 1.3249 @ 26/4 C [430]; 1.3366 @ 25/4 C [051] Density: 1.336 g/mL @ 25 C [395] Freezing point: -38 C [062,102] Vapor pressure: 60 mm Hg @ 9.5 C; 200 mm Hg @ 36.2 C [038] Vapor pressure: 155 mm Hg @ 30 C [055] Explosive limits also reported as 8.0% to 10.5% [051,451] Refractive index: 1.4379 @ 20 C [017,047,205]; 1.43765 @ 21 C [430] Chloroform-like odor [051,346,371,451] Odor threshold: 100 ppm [371] Sinks in water [371] 100% Volatile by volume [058] Flammable limits: 7%-16% [102,371] Burning rate: 2.9 mm/min [371] Liquid surface tension: 25.4 dynes/cm @ 20 C [371] Latent heat of vaporization: 58 cal/g [371] Heat of combustion: 2600 cal/g [371] Evaporation rate (butyl acetate=1): 6.0 (at 1 atmosphere and 25 C) [058] -TOXICITY ======== *NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: KJ2975000 *TOXICITY: (abbreviations) typ. dose mode specie amount units other LC50 ihl cat 24400 mg/m3 TCLo ihl hmn 920 ppm/70M LCLo ihl man 27 gm/m3/10M TCLo ihl man 350 ppm TCLo ihl man 200 ppm/4H LC50 ihl mus 3911 ppm/2H LC50 ihl rat 18000 ppm/4H LD50 ipr dog 3100 mg/kg LD50 ipr rat 3593 mg/kg LDLo ivn dog 95 mg/kg LD50 orl dog 750 mg/kg LD50 orl gpg 9470 mg/kg TDLo orl hmn 670 mg/kg LD50 orl mus 11240 mg/kg LD50 orl rat 10300 mg/kg LD50 orl rbt 5660 mg/kg LD50 scu mus 16 gm/kg LDLo scu rbt 500 mg/kg LDLo skn rbt 1 gm/kg LD50 ipr mus 3636 mg/kg *AQTX/TLM96: Not available *SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION: THR: Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutagenic data. A human skin irritant. An experimental skin and severe eye irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations. Causes a proarrhythmic activity which sensitizes the heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias [043]. *CARCINOGENICITY: Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Inadequate Evidence IARC: Not classifiable as a human carcingen (Group 3) [610] Status: NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (Gavage); Inadequate Studies: Male and Female Rat, Male and Female Mouse [620] NTP Carcinogenesis Studies; selected, January 1988 NTP Carcinogenesis Studies; test completed (reports on hold), January 1988 *MUTATION DATA: test lowest dose | test lowest dose ----------- ----------------- | ----------- ----------------- dnr-esc 500 mg/L | otr-ham:emb 100 uL/plate mmo-sat 10 ug/plate | otr-mus:emb 20 mg/L mma-sat 10 ug/plate | otr-rat:emb 99 umol/L otr-ham:kdy 562 mg/L | cyt-ham:ovr 160 mg/L *TERATOGENICITY: Reproductive Effects Data: TCLo: ihl-rat 2100 ppm/6H (1-20D preg) TDLo: orl-rat 43 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D post) *STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS: OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 350 ppm [610] Final Limit: PEL-TWA 350 ppm; STEL 450 ppm [610] ACGIH: TLV-TWA 350 ppm; STEL 450 ppm [015,415,421,610] NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended Exposure Limit to this compound-air: Ceiling Limit 350 ppm/15M; Action level TWA 200 ppm [610] NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 3 Flammability (F): 1 Reactivity (R): 1 H3: Materials extremely hazardous to health but areas may be entered with extreme care (see NFPA for details). F1: Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur (see NFPA for details). R1: Materials which are normally stable but which may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or which may react with water with some release of energy but not violently (see NFPA for details). *OTHER TOXICITY DATA: Skin and Eye Irritation Data: eye-man 450 ppm/8H skn-rbt 5 gm/12D-I MLD skn-rbt 20 mg/24H MOD eye-rbt 100 mg MLD eye-rbt 2 mg/24H SEV Review: Toxicology Review-3 Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: ORM-A; Label: None DOT-IMO: Poison B; Label: St. Andrews Cross Status: EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse EPA Genetox Program 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian micronucleus EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986 EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information, Final Rule EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0283-0471 S EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0980-0365 EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0982-0457 EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0979-0310 EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, June 1988 NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978 NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Hydrocarbons, Halogenated, 1003 Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule Adult fatal dose by ingestion or inhalation is estimated to be 5 mL [301] IDLH value: 1000 ppm [346,371] -OTHER DATA (Regulatory) ======================= *PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): 1,1,1-Trichloroethane *UN/ID NUMBER: UN2831 *HAZARD CLASS: 6.1 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: III *LABELS REQUIRED: Keep away from food *PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 605, Y605 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 60 L, 2 L CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 612 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 220 L *SPECIAL PROVISIONS: None *USES: This compound is used in cold-type metal cleaning, in plastic cleaning, in vapor degreasing, as a chemical intermediate for vinylidene chloride, in aerosols (as a vapor pressure depressant, solvent and carrier), in adhesives (as a resin solvent) and as a lubricant carrier to inject graphite, grease and other lubricants. It is used alone and in cutting oil formulations as a coolant and lubricant for drilling and tapping alloy and stainless steels. It is also used to develop printed circuit boards, in motion picture film cleaning, in stain repellants for upholstery fabrics, in wig cleaning, in textile processing and finishing and as a solvent in drain cleaners, shoe polishes, spot cleaners, insecticide formulations and printing inks. It is also used as a solvent for cleaning precision instruments. *COMMENTS: Inhibitors are generally added to this compound to increase its stability [421]. -HANDLING PROCEDURES =================== *ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption [036,269]. It can be absorbed through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and skin [395]. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract [031,036,269,371]. It may be narcotic in high concentrations [031,036,051,058]. It may also cause slight lacrimation [371]. When heated to decomposition it emits irritating gases and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine and phosgene [058,102,269,451]. *MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Not available *RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation Test Results For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical: The permeation test results for the neat (undiluted) chemical are given below. The breakthrough times of this chemical are given for each glove type tested. The table is a presentation of actual test results, not specific recommendations or suggestions. Avoid glove types which exhibit breakthrough times of less than the anticipated task time plus an adequate safety factor. If this chemical makes direct contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once. Glove Type Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time Neoprene Edmont 29-870 0.51 mm 15 min PVA Edmont 25-545 0.33 mm 480 min Viton North F-091 0.25 mm 480 min Nitrile North LA-1426 0.38 mm 35 min *RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face chemical cartride respirator equipped with the appropriate organic vapor cartridges. If that is not available, a half face respirator similarly equipped plus airtight goggles can be substituted. However, please note that half face respirators provide a substantially lower level of protection than do full face respirators. *OTHER: Not available *STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. *SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. *DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available -EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ==================== *SKIN CONTACT: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. *INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation. *EYE CONTACT: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. *INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. *SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the eyes, dizziness, incoordination, unconsciousness and death [102,346,371]. Irritation of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract may occur [269]. Fainting may also occur [295]. Other symptoms may include decreased reaction time, impaired manual dexterity, ataxia, lightheadedness, positive Romberg test, diarrhea, respiratory arrest and nausea [151]. It causes a proarrhyth- mic activity which sensitizes the heart to epinephrine, resulting in cardiac arrhythmias [043,151,301,406]. This sometimes will cause cardiac arrest, particularly when massive amounts are inhaled [043,051,151]. Inhalation can cause euphoria [043,051,151]. High concentrations may cause narcosis [031,036,058,406]. Exposure can cause headache, drowsiness, burning sensa- tion on the eyes and skin, irritation of the throat, cardiac sensitization, aspiration of vomitus during anesthesia, blood pressure depression, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema with hemorrhage [058]. It can also cause anesthesia, cardiac fibrillations, slight reddening of the skin, central nervous system impairment, helplessness, loss in equilibrium and mild eye and nasal discomfort [430]. Other symptoms are hallucinations, distorted perceptions, motor activity changes, irritability, aggression, hypermotility and other gastrointestinal changes [043]. Impaired judgement has been re- ported [451]. Increased reaction time has also been reported [346]. Repeated skin contact may result in a dry, scaly and fissured dermatitis due to its defatting properties [346,371,421]. Prolonged skin contact may result in considerable pain and irritation [430]. Other symptoms may include difficult breathing, asphyxiation, slight lacrimation and slight smarting of the eyes and respiratory system [371]. It may cause impaired psychophysiological func- tions [051,395]. It may also cause irregular heart beat, lassitude and coma [102]. High concentrations cause central nervous system depression [051,151, 301,346]. Hemorrhage in the brain may also result from exposure to high con- centrations [301]. Eye contact may lead to superficial and transient injury to the eyes [058,099]. It may also lead to mild conjunctivitis [346]. Chronic exposure may result in liver and kidney damage [051,151,269,295]. Exposure to and/or consumption of alcohol may increase its toxic effects [151,269]. -SOURCES ======= *SOURCES: [015] Lewis, R.J., Sr. and R.L. Tatken, Eds. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. On-line Ed. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 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