JNNP -- Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al. 68 (6): 719 Table 3

Modern humans must learn how to relate to psychoactives
responsibly, treating them with respect and awareness,
working to minimize harms and maximize benefits, and
integrating use into a healthy, enjoyable, and productive life.

Table 3 Neuropsychological test battery scores (group means ( SD), n=28 in each group) and results of ANOVA (p) and post-hoc group comparisons. Significant group differences are indicated by bold characters

Scores
p Value
Scheffé

Ecstasy users
Cannabis users^*
Non-users
E/N
E/C
C/N

Tonic alertness:

  RT (ms) 218.9 (28.2) 221.1 (26.3) 218.7 (27.5) NS

Phasic alertness:

  RT (ms) 214.8 (24.8) 214.0 (26.7) 214.7 (25.2) NS

Selective attention (go/no go):

  RT (ms) 532.0 (65.4) 484.4 (57.9) 478.6 (48.4) <0.002 + +

Divided attention:

  RT (ms) 671.6 (57.0) 625.0 (35.1) 638.7 (69.7) <0.01 +

Intermodal integration (attention):

  RT (ms) 412.2 (80.7) 364.9 (44.8) 380.5 (49.2) <0.02 +

Visual scanning:

  Non-critical trial RT (ms) 3281.1 (1017.1) 3416.3 (868.2) 3782.2 (808.6) NS (0.10)

  Critical trial RT (ms) 1958.5 (493.7) 1921.3 (445.7) 1985.1 (465.1) NS

  Correlation RT/position (Z transformed) 0.663 (0.480) 0.854 (0.410) 0.872 (0.413) NS (0.14)

Stroop test:

  Interference factor 3.84 (4.38) 3.86 (6.13) 3.10 (6.00) NS

Corsi (visual-spatial memory span) 5.82 (0.77) 6.18 (0.90) 6.04 (1.04) NS

Digit span:

  Forward 8.54 (1.84) 8.93 (1.51 8.89 (1.29) NS

  Backward 7.00 (2.34) 8.00 (1.87 9.11 (2.67) <0.01 +

VLMT (verbal learning/memory):

  Immediate recall 7.82 (1.93) 8.71 (2.03 9.82 (2.28) <0.002 +

  Learning performance over five rehearsals 6.25 (2.07) 5.71 (2.11 5.07 (2.26) NS

  Interference effect by second list 2.14 (2.07) 1.50 (1.77) 0.89 (1.55) <0.05 +

  Memory performance after 30 minutes 13.79 (1.75) 14.43 (1.07) 14.21 (1.03) NS (0.12)

  Number of repetitions required for learning 4.46 (0.79) 3.71 (1.15) 3.29 (1.12) <0.001 + +

VIG (visual learning / memory):

  Immediate recall 4.54 (1.62) 5.57 (1.53) 5.71 (1.24) <0.01 + +

  Learning performance over five rehearsals 2.14 (1.46) 1.43 (1.45) 1.57 (1.60) NS (0.14)

  Number of repetitions required for learning 4.61 (0.96) 4.00 (1.41) 4.11 (1.13) NS (0.12)

Word fluency:

  Phonological 17.64 (3.62) 18.87 (3.49) 20.37 (6.37) NS (0.15)

  Semantic 25.25 (7.64) 28.00 (5.46) 28.54 (6.49) NS (0.09)

  With alternating criterion 15.30 (2.77) 16.04 (2.60) 16.68 (3.91) NS

LPS-4 (logical thinking, problem solving) 25.96 (4.10) 29.46 (4.19) 29.50 (3.64) <0.001 + +

Mosaic test (visuoconstruction, strategical planning) 36.11 (6.09) 40.86 (5.57) 40.39 (7.50) <0.01 + +

General knowledge 15.29 (3.44) 17.82 (3.44) 17.61 (2.63) <0.01 + +

Score questionnaire for memory problems 27.0 (10.61) 29.86 (10.95) 24.04 (8.0) NS (0.09)

+Significant group difference; E/N=ecstasy users/Non-users; E/C=ecstasy users/cannabis users; C/N=cannabis users/Non-users.
^* Cannabis users=persons who were matched for cannabis use with the ecstasy users.